Everything about Bordeaux totally explained
|region=
Aquitaine
|departement=
Gironde (33)
|mayor=
Alain Juppé
|party =
UMP
|mandat = 2008–2014
|area= 49.36
|date-population= 2007 estimate
|population=230,600
|population-ranking=
9th in France
|date-density= 2008 estimate
|density= 4,658
|communes= 191
|UU-area= 1,057
|UU-area-date= 2007 estimate
|UU-pop=1,009,051
|UU-pop-date= 2007 estimate
|AU-area= 3,875.2
|AU-area-date= 2007 estimate
|AU-pop=1200000 (5th in France)
|AU-pop-date= 2007 estimate
|intercom-details2=
Urban Community of Bordeaux
|}}
(
Gascon:
Bordèu) is a
port city in southwest
France, with one million inhabitants in its
metropolitan area at a 2008 estimate. It is the
capital of the
Aquitaine region, as well as the
prefecture of the
Gironde department. Its inhabitants are called
Bordelais.
The Bordeaux-
Arcachon-
Libourne metropolitan area, with a population of 1,200,000 inhabitants, is the fifth largest metropolitan area in France. The city is the world's wine industry capital.
Bordeaux wine draws its name from the famous wine that has been produced in the region since the 8th century. The historic part of the city is on the
UNESCO World Heritage List as
"an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble" of the 18th century. More recently, Bordeaux has become the center of Europe's space and aeronautics industries.
Geography
Bordeaux is located near the European
Atlantic coast, in the southwest of France and in the north of the Aquitaine region. The city is built on a bend of the river
Garonne, and is thus divided into two parts: the right bank to the East and left bank in the West. Historically, the left bank is the more developed. In Bordeaux, the
Garonne River is accessible to ocean liners.
Demographics
At the 1999 census, there were 215 363 inhabitants in the city (
commune) of Bordeaux, and the 2005 census showed a significant increase, this figure reaching 230 600 inhabitants. In 2007, there were 925 000 inhabitants in the
Communauté Urbaine de Bordeaux and 1.2 Million in the Bordeaux Arcachon Libourne urban body. The city contains a diverse range of people. Much of the population is French, but there are sizeable groups of
Italians,
Spaniards,
Portuguese,
Germans and North Africans. The metropolis has developed rapidly over the last decades and is facing urban sprawl.
History
Between 30,000 and 200,000 years ago the area of Bordeaux was inhabited by the
Homo sapiens neanderthalensis, whose remains have been found at a famous cave known as Pair-non-Pair, near Bourg sur Gironde, just north of Bordeaux.
In historical times, around 300 BC it was the settlement of a
Celtic tribe, the
Bituriges Vivisci, who named the town
Burdigala, probably of Aquitainian origin. The name Bourde is still the name of a river south of the city. The city fell under
Roman rule around 60 BC, its importance lying in the commerce of
Tin and
Lead towards Rome. Later it became capital of Roman Aquitaine, flourishing especially during the Severan dynasty (3rd century). In 276 it was sacked by the
Vandals. Further ravage was brought by the same Vandals in 409, the
Visigoths in 414 and the
Franks in 498, beginning a period of obscurity for the city.
In the late sixth century, the city reemerged as the seat of a county and an archdiocese within the
Merovingian kingdom of the Franks. The city fell into obscurity as royal power waned in southern Gaul in the late seventh century. The city was plundered by the troops of
Abd er Rahman in 732, after he'd defeated
Duke Eudes and before he was killed during the
Battle of Tours on
October 10. Under the
Carolingians were appointed a series of
Counts of Bordeaux who served to defend the mouth of the
Garonne from the
Vikings. Eventually, the city was inherited by the
Dukes of Gascony in the late tenth century.
From the 12th to the 15th century, Bordeaux regained importance as part of the
English realm, following the marriage of Duchess
Eleanor of Aquitaine with the French-speaking Count Henri Plantagenet, born in
Le Mans, who became, within months of their wedding, King
Henry II of England. The city flourished, primarily due to wine trade, and the
cathedral of St. André was built. It was also the capital of an independent state under
Edward, the Black Prince (1362-1372), but in the end, after the
Battle of Castillon (1453) it was annexed by France which extended its territory. The
Château Trompette (Trumpet Castle) and the
Fort du Hâ, built by
Charles VII of France, were the symbols of the new domination, which however deprived the city of its richness by halting the wine commerce with England. In 1462 Bordeaux obtained a parliament, but regained importance only in the 16th century when it become a centre of distribution of sugar and slaves from
West Indies along with the traditional wine.
Bordeaux adhered to the
Fronde, being effectively annexed to the Kingdom of France only in 1653 when
Louis XIV entered in the city.
The 18th century was the golden age of Bordeaux. Many downtown buildings (about 5,000), including those on the quays, are from this period.
Victor Hugo found the town so beautiful he once said: "take
Versailles, add
Antwerp, and you've Bordeaux".
Baron Haussmann, a long-time prefect of Bordeaux, used Bordeaux's 18th century big-scale rebuilding as a model when he was asked by Emperor
Napoleon III to transform a then still quasi-medieval Paris into a "modern" capital that would make France proud.
The French government withdrew to the city during the wars of 1870,
World War I and
World War II. ....???
Economy
Wine
Bordeaux has about 117,000 hectares of
vineyards, 57 appellations, 9,000 wine-producing châteaux, 13,000 grape growers, 400 traders and sales of 14.5 billion euros annually. With an annual production of over 700 million bottles, Bordeaux produces large quantities of everyday wine as well as some of the most expensive wines in the world. Included among the latter are the area's five 'premier cru' (
first growth) red wines (four from Médoc and one, Chateau Haut-Brion, from Graves), established by the
Bordeaux Wine Official Classification of 1855:
The first growths are:
*In 1855 Mouton-Rothschild was ranked a Second Growth. In 1973 it was elevated to First Growth status.
Both red and white wines are made in Bordeaux. Red Bordeaux is called
claret in the
United Kingdom. Red wines are generally made from a blend of grapes, and may be made from
Cabernet Sauvignon,
Merlot,
Cabernet Franc,
Petit Verdot,
Malbec, and, less commonly in recent years,
Carmenere. White Bordeaux is made from
Sauvignon Blanc,
Semillon, and
Muscadelle.
Sauternes is a subregion of Graves known for its intensely sweet, white,
dessert wines such as
Château d'Yquem.
Because of the wine glut (
wine lake), the price squeeze caused by increasingly strong international competition, and
vine pull schemes, the number of growers has recently dropped from 14,000 and the area under vine has also decreased significantly.
Laser
The
Laser Megajoule will be one of the most powerful lasers in the world, allowing fundamental research and the development of the lasers and plasmas technologies. This project, carried by the French Ministry of Defence, involves an investment of 2 billion euros. In 2009, the 600 experiments programmed each year with the Laser Mégajoule will begin. The "Road of the lasers", a major project of regional planning for the optical and lasers industries, will be born. Therefore, the area of Bordeaux will shelter the most important concentration of optical and laser experts in Europe.
Aeronautics
20 000 people work for the aeronautic industry in Bordeaux. The city has some of the biggest companies including
Dassault,
EADS Sogerma,
Snecma,
Thales, SNPE, and others. The
Dassault Falcon private jets are built there as well as the military aircraft
Rafale and
Mirage 2000, the
A380 cockpit, the boosters of
Ariane 5, and the
M51 SLBM missile.
Tourism
There is much tourism in the great city of Bordeaux centered around the city's wine making.
Port
The port lies on the Atlantic ocean and the
Gironde estuary. Almost 9 million tons of goods arrive and leave each year. The Port is a nice area to sit and relax, a good place to tour if ever visiting.
List of major companies in Bordeaux
This list includes both companies based in Bordeaux and outside companies with major operations in the city.
Arena (swimwear)
CDiscount
Dassault
EADS composites
EADS Sogerma
EADS Space Transportation
Ford
In-Fusio
Lectra
LU
Marie Brizard
McKesson
Oxbow (sportswear)
Ricard
Sanofi Aventis
SMURFIT
SNECMA
SNPE
Solectron
Thales Group
William Pitters
Education
University
The university was created by the archbishop Pey Berland and was abolished in 1793, during the French Revolution, before reappearing in 1808 with Napoleon I. Bordeaux accommodates approximately 70,000 students on one of the largest campuses of Europe (235 ha)
The University of Bordeaux is divided into four:
The University Bordeaux 1 (Physical sciences and Technologies), 10,693 students in 2002
The University Bordeaux 2 (Medicine and Life sciences), 15,038 students in 2002
The University Bordeaux 3 (Liberal Arts, Humanities, Languages), 14,785 students in 2002
The University Bordeaux 4 (Law, Economy and Management). 12,556 students in 2002
Schools
Bordeaux has numerous public and private schools offering undergraduate and postgraduate programs.
Engineering schools:
École nationale supérieure d'arts et métiers
École d'ingénieurs en modélisation mathématique et mécanique
École nationale supérieure d'électronique, informatique, radiocommunications de Bordeaux
École supérieure de technologie des biomolécules de Bordeaux
École nationale d'ingénieurs des travaux agricoles de Bordeaux
École nationale supérieure de chimie et physique de Bordeaux
Institut des sciences et techniques des aliments de Bordeaux
Institut de cognitique
École supérieure d'informatique
École privée des sciences informatiques
Business and management schools:
IUT Techniques de Commercialisation of Bordeaux (Business School)
Bordeaux école de management (Bordeaux Management school)
EBP International
Institut des hautes études économiques et commerciales
École de commerce européenne
Other:
Institut d'études politiques de Bordeaux (Institute of political sciences)
École nationale de la magistrature (National school for Magistrate)
École du service de santé des armées
École d'architecture et de paysage de Bordeaux
École des beaux-arts de Bordeaux
École française des attachés de presse et des professionels de la communication (EFAP)
Conservatoire national des arts et métiers d'Aquitaine (CNAM)
Main sights
Bordeaux is classified "City of Art and History". The city has been inscribed on UNESCO World Heritage List as "an outstanding urban and architectural ensemble".
Bordeaux is home to one of Europe's biggest 18th century architectural urban areas, making it a sought-after destination for tourists and cinema production crews. It stands out as one of the first French cities, after Nancy, to have entered an era of urbanism and metropolitan big scale projects, with the team Gabriel father and son, architects for King Louis XV, under the supervision of 2 intendants (Governors), first Mr. Dupre de Saint Maur then the Marquis (Marquess) de Tourny.
Buildings
Main sights include:
Esplanade des Quinconces
Colonnes des Girondins
Grand Théâtre
Allées de Tourny
Cours de l'Intendance
Place du Chapelet
Pont de Pierre
Saint-André Cathedral, consecrated by Pope Urban II in 1096 . Of the Original Romanesque edifice only a wall in the nave remain. The Royal Gate is from the early 13th century, while the rest of the construction is mostly from the 14th-15th centuries.
Tour Pey Berland (1440-1450), a massive, quadrangular tower annexed to the cathedral.
Sainte-Croix Church (Church of the Holy Cross). It lies on the site of a 7th century abbey destroyed by the Saracens. Rebuilt under the Carolingians, it was again destroyed by the Normans in 845 and 864. It is annexed to a Benedictine abbey founded in the 7th century, and was built in the late 11th-early 12th centuries. The façade is in Romanesque style
The Gothic basilica of Saint-Michel, constructed in the late 14th-15th centuries.
Basilica of Saint-Seurin, the most ancient church in Bordeaux. It was built in the early 6th century on the site of a palaeochristian necropolis. It has an 11th century portico, while the apse and transept are from the following century. The 13th century nave has chapels from the 11th and the 14th centuries. The ancient crypt houses sepulchres of the Merovingian family.
Palais Rohan (Exterior: (External Link))
Palais Gallien, the remains of a late 2nd-century Roman amphitheatre
Porte Cailhau
La Grosse Cloche (15th century) is the second remaining gate of the Medieval walls. It was the belfry of the old Town Hall. It consists of two 40 m-high circular towers and a central bell tower housing a bell weighing 7,800&kg. The watch is from 1759.
Eglise Saint-Eloi
Place de la Bourse (1730-1775), designed by the Royal architect Jacques Ange Gabriel as landscape for an equestrian statue of Louis XV.
Place du Parlement
Place Saint-Pierre
Rue Sainte-Catherine
Saint-André Cathedral, Saint-Michel Basilica and Saint-Seurin Basilica are part of the World Heritage Sites of the Routes of Santiago de Compostela in France.
Museums
Musée des Beaux Arts
Musée d'Aquitaine
Musée des Arts Décoratifs
Musée D'Histoire Naturelle
CAPC
Musée National des Doines
French Cruiser Colbert
Vinorama
Musée Goupil
Casa de Goya
Cap Sciences
Centre Jean Moulin
Shopping
Bordeaux has many shopping options. In the heart of Bordeaux is Rue Sainte-Catherine. This pedestrian only shopping street has 1.2 kilometers of shops, restaurants and cafes; it's also the longest shopping street in Europe. Rue Sainte-Catherine starts at Place de la Victoire and ends at Place de la Comedie by the opera house. The shops become progressively more upmarket as one moves towards Place de la Comedie and the nearby Cours de l'Intendance is where one finds the more exclusive shops and boutiques.
Culture
Bordeaux is also the first city in France to have created, in the 1980s, an architecture exhibition and research centre, Arc en rêve, still the most prestigious in France besides Paris IFA.
Bordeaux offers a large number of cinemas, theatres and is the home of the National Opera of Bordeaux. There are many music venues of varying capacity. The city also offers several festivals throughout the year.
Music
Bands
Media
Radio stations
These are the radio stations in Bordeaux.
Wit FM: (pop, rock, dance music)
Black Box: (Hip-Hop, R&B, Ragga, Funk, Soul, Disco)
Radio Nova Sauvagine: (alternative music)
Campus FM: (Alternative Music)
RIG: (world music)
La Clé des Ondes: (world music)
TRG: (pop music)
ARL: (world music)
Newspaper
Sud Ouest
Bordeaux 7
20 Minutes
Metro
TV
TV 7
France 3 Aquitaine www.france3.fr
Transport
Road
Bordeaux is an important road and motorway junction. The city is connected to Paris by the A10 motorway, with Lyon by the A89, with Toulouse by the A62, and with Spain by the A63. There is a 45 km ring road called the "Rocade" which is often very busy. The building of another ring road is under consideration.
Bordeaux has 4 road bridges that cross the Garonne, the Pont-de-Pierre built in the 1820s and 3 modern bridges built after 1960: the Pont Saint Jean, just south of the Pont de Pierre (both located downtown), the Pont d'Aquitaine, a suspended bridge downstream from downtown, and the Pont François Mitterrand, located upstream of downtown. These 2 bridges are part of the ring road around Bordeaux. There is also a steel railway bridge, built in the 1850s by Gustave Eiffel, and used daily by 100s, including the TGV, a high speed train.
Rail
The main railway station, the Gare St-Jean near the centre of the city, has 4 million passengers a year. It is served by the French national (SNCF) railway's high speed train, the TGV, that gets to Paris in 3 hours, with connections to major European centres such as Lille, Brussels, Amsterdam, Cologne, Geneva and London. The TGV also serves Toulouse and Irun from Bordeaux. A regular train service is provided to Nantes, Nice, Marseille and Lyon. The Gare St-Jean is the major hub for regional trains (TER) operated by the SNCF to Arcachon, Limoges, Agen, Périgueux, Pau and Bayonne.
Air
Bordeaux is served by an international airport, Aéroport de Bordeaux Mérignac, located 8km from the city centre in the suburban city of Mérignac.
Trams, buses and boats
Bordeaux has an important public transport system called TBC. This company is run by the Connex group. The network consists of:
3 tram lines (A, B and C)
75 bus routes, all connected to the tramway network (from 1 to 96)
12 night bus routes (from S1 to S12)
An electric bus shuttle in the city centre
A boat shuttle on the Garonne river
This network is operated from 5am to 1am
There have been several plans for a subway network to be set up but they were given up for both geological and financial reasons. The tramway system was started in the autumn of 2000 and commenced service in December 2003, connecting Bordeaux with its suburban areas. It uses the APS technology, a brand new and exclusive cableless technology developed by French company Alstom and designed to preserve the aesthetic environment the tramway is surrounded by (although very controversial for its considerable cost of installation and maintenance, but also for the numerous technical problems that paralyzed the network for an unusually long time even if those problems have been resolved). At the same time many downtown streets and squares along the tramway lines became pedestrian areas, with limited access by cars.
Sport
The Stade Chaban-Delmas is the largest stadium. It can host 35000 spectators.
There are two major sport teams in Bordeaux:
Girondins de Bordeaux is the football team. It is part of the Ligue 1 in the French football championship.
The USB-CABBG (Union de Stade Bordelais - Club Athlétique Bordeaux-Bègles) team is part of the Pro D2 (Second Division) of the Rugby Union Ligue Nationale de Rugby.
Bordeaux is the home of one of the strongest cricket teams in France, "Bordeaux-La Brède".
There is a 250 m wooden velodrome, Vélodrome du Lac, in Bordeaux which hosts international cycling competition in the form of UCI Track Cycling World Cup events.
Miscellaneous
Births
Bordeaux was the birthplace of:
Bertrand Andrieu (1761-1822), engraver
Jean Anouilh (1910-1987), dramatist
Yvonne Arnaud (1892-1958), actress
Decimus Magnus Ausonius (c. 310-395), Roman poet and rhetorician
François Bigot (1703-1788), last Intendant of New France
René Clément (1913-1996), actor, director, writer
Damia (1899-1978), singer
Lili Damita (1901-1994), actress
Danielle Darrieux (born 1917), actress
Jacques Ellul (1912–1994), sociologist, theologian, Christian anarchist
Eugène Goossens (1867-1958) conductor, violinist
François Mauriac (1885-1970), writer, Nobel laureate
Édouard Molinaro (born 1928), film director, producer
Michel de Montaigne (1533-1592), essayist
Pierre Palmade (born 1968), actor, author
St. Paulinus of Nola (354-431), educator, religious figure
Georges Antoine Pons Rayet (1839–1906), astronomer, discoverer of the Wolf-Rayet stars, founder of the Bordeaux Observatory
Richard II of England 1367- 1400
Pierre Rode (1774-1830), violinist
Jean-Jacques Sempé (born 1932), cartoonist
Florent Serra, tennis player
Philippe Sollers, writer
Sister cities and partnerships
Bristol, United Kingdom, since 1947
Lima, Peru, since 1957
Quebec City, Quebec, Canada, since 1962
Munich, Germany, since 1964
Los Angeles, United States, since 1968
Porto, Portugal, since 1978
Fukuoka, Japan, since 1982
Bilbao, Spain
Madrid, Spain, since 1984
Ashdod, Israel, since 1984
Baku, Azerbaijan, since 1985
Casablanca, Morocco, since 1988
Wuhan, China, since 1998
Oran, Algeria, since 2003
Partnerships
Saint Petersburg, Russia, since 1992
Kraków, Poland, since 1993Further Information
Get more info on 'Bordeaux'.
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